跟着文學作品逛中國——城市篇 | 老師專欄

文字記錄歲月變遷，書寫都市繁華；腳步穿越街巷衚衕，丈量人間煙火。Words record the turning of the years and the splendour of the city; footsteps thread through lanes and alleys, taking the measure of everyday life.

This article was originally written in Traditional Chinese. The English translation is provided for reference only.

宋朝文學家范仲淹曾在《岳陽樓記》中寫道：「先天下之憂而憂，後天下之樂而樂。」Fan Zhongyan, the Song-dynasty writer, wrote in his Record of Yueyang Tower (《岳陽樓記》): “Be the first to feel the world's sorrows, and the last to enjoy its pleasures.”

古代文人常常往來於各個城市之間，記錄下無數動人的篇章。在那個交通不便的年代，他們或為追求功名，或為體察民情，留下了許多傳世佳作。Writers in imperial China moved constantly between cities and left behind countless moving pieces of writing. In an age when travel was difficult, they set out in pursuit of office or to see how ordinary people lived — and produced works that have lasted.

而今天，隨着高鐵網絡的發達，城市之間的距離被大大縮短。在快節奏的現代生活中，我們不妨通過文學作品來細細品味中國城市的獨特魅力。Today the high-speed rail network has drawn those cities close together. In the rush of modern life, literature offers a slower way to savour what makes each Chinese city distinctive.

歷史古都The Ancient Capitals

城，是歷史文明的見證；城，是文人墨客筆下的故都情懷；城，更是文化傳承的永恆象徵。A city is a witness to history and civilisation; a city is the old capital that writers longed for on the page; a city is, above all, an enduring symbol of cultural continuity.

北京Beijing (北京)

老舍在《想北平》中寫道：Lao She wrote in Longing for Peiping (《想北平》):

「我想着那灰色的城牆，紅色的門，青色的樹，淡淡的霧，淺淺的陽光。」“I think of those grey city walls, the red gates, the dark green trees, the thin mist, the pale sunlight.”

字裏行間流露出對故都深深的思念之情。Every line carries his deep longing for the old capital.

西安Xi'an (西安)

王維《送別》中寫道：Wang Wei wrote in Farewell (《送別》):

「渭城朝雨浥輕塵，客舍青青柳色新。」“Morning rain at Weicheng settles the light dust; beside the inn the willows are green and new.”

這首詩描繪了西安（古長安）渭城的清晨景象，展現出盛唐氣象。The poem paints a morning at Weicheng, outside Xi'an — the Chang'an of old — and with it the spirit of the High Tang.

賈平凹在《廢都》中對西安的描寫：Jia Pingwa describes Xi'an in Ruined City (《廢都》):

「古城的鐘鼓樓依然巍然聳立，城牆上的磚石卻已經斑駁。」“The Bell and Drum Towers of the old city still stand tall, though the brick and stone of the walls have long since weathered.”

展現了古都西安的滄桑變遷。It captures everything the ancient capital has lived through.

南京Nanjing (南京)

王安石的《泊船瓜洲》：Wang Anshi's Mooring at Guazhou (《泊船瓜洲》):

「春風又綠江南岸，明月何時照我還。」“The spring wind has greened the southern bank once more; when will the bright moon light my way home?”

詩中道出了對金陵（今南京）的深深眷戀。The lines speak of a deep attachment to Jinling — today's Nanjing.

朱自清在《背影》中寫道：Zhu Ziqing wrote in The Retreating Figure (《背影》):

「我與父親在南京下車，他先走，我在後頭，背影就如此。」“My father and I got off at Nanjing; he walked ahead and I followed behind — and that is how I came to see his back.”

這座城市見證了太多人與人之間的離別與思念。The city has witnessed a great many partings, and a great deal of longing.

現代都市The Modern Metropolis

上海Shanghai (上海)

艾青在《上海》中寫道：Ai Qing wrote in Shanghai (《上海》):

「這是一座永不安眠的城市，我為她添上新的箋註。」“This is a city that never sleeps; I add my own new annotation to her.”

詩人用簡練的文字，勾勒出這座國際大都市的繁華與活力。In a few spare words the poet sketches the wealth and energy of this international metropolis.

魯迅在《二心集》中寫道：Lu Xun wrote in Two Hearts (《二心集》):

「上海是一個充滿活力的城市，它的街道上總是充滿了各種各樣的人和事物。」“Shanghai is a city full of vitality; its streets are always crowded with every kind of person and every kind of thing.”

張愛玲《傾城之戀》中描述：Eileen Chang writes in Love in a Fallen City (《傾城之戀》):

「上海的夜晚像一幅畫，燈光閃爍，人聲鼎沸，彷彿每一個角落都在講述一個故事。」“A Shanghai night is like a painting — lights flickering, voices at full pitch, as though every corner were telling a story.”

無論是魯迅，還是張愛玲，他們筆下的上海熠熠生輝，帶着人情味。In the hands of Lu Xun or Eileen Chang alike, Shanghai glitters — and it is warmly human.

香港Hong Kong (香港)

徐志摩在《香港》中寫道：Xu Zhimo wrote in Hong Kong (《香港》):

「海港的夜未眠，霓虹在醉人的天際。我愛這樣的光明，勝過愛月亮的詩意。」“The harbour night does not sleep; neon burns along an intoxicating skyline. I love this brightness more than I love the poetry of the moon.”

詩中描繪了香港這座東方之珠的璀璨夜景。The lines capture the dazzling night view of Hong Kong, the Pearl of the Orient.

也斯在《香港文化》中寫道：Leung Ping-kwan, writing as Ya Si, observed in Hong Kong Culture (《香港文化》):

「香港是一個充滿矛盾的城市，既現代又傳統，既國際化又本土化。在狹窄的空間裏，在短促的時間裏，創造出獨特的文化。」“Hong Kong is a city of contradictions — modern and traditional, international and local all at once. In cramped space and in a short span of time, it has created a culture entirely its own.”

西西在《我城》中這樣描述：Xi Xi describes it this way in My City (《我城》):

「我們的城市每天不斷改變，像魔術師的手絹，變幻着色彩。」“Our city changes every single day, like a magician's handkerchief shifting colour.”

寥寥數語，道出了香港這座城市獨特的生命力與包容性。維多利亞港的璀璨夜景，中西交融的獨特文化，都讓這座城市成為了一顆閃耀的東方之珠。A handful of words capture Hong Kong's particular vitality and openness. The brilliant night view of Victoria Harbour and a culture where East meets West have together made this city a shining Pearl of the Orient.

小結In closing

城市是人類文明的結晶，是歷史的見證者。在文人墨客的筆下，每座城市都有其獨特的性格與韻味。無論是千年古都的厚重，還是現代都市的繁華，都在文學作品中留下了永恆的印記。Cities are the crystallisation of human civilisation and the witnesses of history. Under a writer's pen, each city has its own character and flavour. The weight of a thousand-year-old capital and the brilliance of a modern metropolis alike have left permanent marks in literature.

以下是一些描寫南方城市的著名古詩詞，請大家對號入座，猜猜這是哪些城市（答案在文末）：Below are some well-known classical lines describing cities in southern China. See whether you can match each set to its city — the answers are at the end.

一：「孤山寺北賈亭西，水面初平雲腳低。」——白居易《錢塘湖春行》；「山外青山樓外樓，西湖歌舞幾時休。」——林升《題臨安邸》1. “North of Gushan Temple, west of Jia Pavilion, the water has just risen level and the clouds hang low.” — Bai Juyi, A Spring Walk by Qiantang Lake (《錢塘湖春行》); “Hills beyond hills, towers beyond towers — when will the singing and dancing by the West Lake ever cease?” — Lin Sheng, Written on the Wall of an Inn at Lin'an (《題臨安邸》)

二：「姑蘇城外寒山寺，夜半鐘聲到客船。」——范成大《吳郡十詠》；「西塞山前白鷺飛，桃花流水鱖魚肥。」——張志和《漁歌子》2. “Beyond the walls of Gusu stands Hanshan Temple; at midnight the sound of its bell reaches the traveller's boat.” — Fan Chengda, Ten Poems on Wu Prefecture (《吳郡十詠》); “Before Xisai Mountain the white egrets fly; peach blossoms drift on the water and the mandarin fish are plump.” — Zhang Zhihe, Fisherman's Song (《漁歌子》)

三：「南海而今棠樹林，花枝欲暖已先春。」——韓愈《南海》；「萬里投荒未失路，五更攀桂已先春。」——蘇軾《遊廣州》3. “The Southern Sea is now a forest of crab-apple trees; the blossoming branches feel the warmth before spring itself arrives.” — Han Yu, The Southern Sea (《南海》); “Ten thousand miles into the wilds and still not lost; at the fifth watch I pluck the cassia ahead of spring.” — Su Shi, Travelling in Guangzhou (《遊廣州》)

四：「青山隱隱水迢迢，秋盡江南草未凋。」——杜牧《寄揚州韓綽判官》4. “Green hills faint in the distance, waters stretching far; autumn ends south of the river and the grass has yet to wither.” — Du Mu, To Judge Han Chuo of Yangzhou (《寄揚州韓綽判官》)

五：「登臨送目，正故國晚秋，天氣初肅。」——王安石《桂枝香·金陵懷古》5. “I climb and gaze out: late autumn in the old kingdom, the weather turning stern.” — Wang Anshi, To the tune Guizhixiang: Meditation on the Past at Jinling (《桂枝香·金陵懷古》)

六：「海門深處石城開，萬里長風過海來。」——鄭成功《望廈門》6. “Deep within the sea gate a stone city opens; a wind of ten thousand miles comes in across the water.” — Zheng Chenggong, Gazing at Xiamen (《望廈門》)

七：「枯藤老樹昏鴉，小橋流水人家。」——馬致遠《天淨沙·秋思》7. “Withered vines, an old tree, crows at dusk; a small bridge, running water, a house or two.” — Ma Zhiyuan, To the tune Tianjingsha: Autumn Thoughts (《天淨沙·秋思》)

八：「日暮蒼山遠，天寒白屋貧。」——范成大《桂林》8. “At dusk the grey hills lie far off; in the cold, the plain white cottage looks poorer still.” — Fan Chengda, Guilin (《桂林》)

九：「山上山城郭，城中城戰場。」——李白《望温州城》9. “On the hill, a hill-top city wall; within the city, a city that was once a battlefield.” — Li Bai, Gazing at the City of Wenzhou (《望温州城》)

答案公佈The answers

一：杭州　二：蘇州　三：廣州　四：揚州　五：南京　六：廈門　七：南昌　八：桂林　九：温州1. Hangzhou　2. Suzhou　3. Guangzhou　4. Yangzhou　5. Nanjing　6. Xiamen　7. Nanchang　8. Guilin　9. Wenzhou

跟着文學作品逛中國——城市篇Touring China Through Literature: Cities